CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF CHINA

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF CHINA

                                                           By: Sabir Chdhry

China is spread from the coast to a vast interior continental part, so the climate of this country is influenced by both sea and continentality. Monsoon climate and Tibet-like climate conditions are seen on the climate of China. The effect of monsoon winds, weather, cyclones and cyclonic storms on the climate of China is clearly visible. The latitudinal expansion of China (18°N to 53°N) also affects the climate. The following conditions are found here in winter and summer:

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Summer season- In the summer season, the sun's rays fall on the Tropic of Cancer in a perpendicular form. As a result, most of the continent of Asia receives maximum temperature in this season. In China, there is severe heat in the season. The average temperature is 29°C. This season lasts from April to September. Towards the north, there is some decrease in temperature and the temperature of Peking (Beijing) remains around 27°C. In this season the winds blow from sea to land. The maximum temperature recorded was 50.5°C on 10 July 2017 in Erbao City (Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang Province).

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Winter season- In the winter season, a center of high pressure is established over the Gobi desert of Central Asia, as a result of which dry and cold winds move from the land towards the sea. These winds are very cold, so the temperature drops in northern and central China. The average temperature in northern China in this season is -12°C. The average temperature in central China is -24°C. Snow accumulates all over northern and central China. In the high mountain regions, the temperature drops further. The temperature in Turfan is -10°C and in Peking -40°C. The average temperature in southern China is 8°C. The lowest temperature recorded in January 2023 was -53°C in Mohe City (Dahingling Prefecture, Heilongjiang Province).

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Rain- 93% of the rainfall in China is received in the summer season. In summer, the winds blow from the sea to the land, as a result of which the air is full of moisture. These winds full of humidity start raining as soon as they enter China. The annual average of rainfall in China ranges from 10 cm to 200 cm. Most of the precipitation comes from the summer monsoon in southeastern China. Rainfall is less towards the north. 

The average rainfall in central China is 75 cm and the average rainfall in northern China is only 55 cm. In the southeast coastal parts of China, summer cyclones cause the most rainfall. These cyclones are known as typhoons. Their walking speed is up to 250 kilometers per hour. They cause heavy rainfall in these coastal areas and this is the reason that this south-eastern part of China receives the most rainfall. In winter, anti-cyclones running from Central Asia bring rain in the form of snow at some places in northern and central China.

 Author: M Sabir 

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