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Project Tiger
By: Sabir Chdhry
Before knowing Project Tiger, let us first know some important things about Tiger.
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Tiger
Tiger is the largest member of the Cat species. In the last 150 years Tiger has lost about 90% of its natural habitat due to various reasons such as agricultural land expansion, human habitat expansion, human-animal conflict, hunting, deforestation, loss of habitation due to war etc. In the Red List of IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature), Tiger has been marked on the verge of extinction.
- According to the tiger census of the year 2015, the number of tigers around the world has been estimated to be around 3062 to 3948.
- India has the highest number of tigers.
- About two tigers have been killed every week since the year 2000.
Why is it important to save the tiger?
Saving the tiger simply means saving the place where the tiger lives. It is not possible to imagine a healthy ecosystem without a healthy number of tigers, because tiger, by hunting herbivores, control their numbers in that area . If there is absence of predators of herbivores in an area, then the number of herbivores in that area will increase wildly, which will be harmful to the ecosystem of that area. The increased number of herbivorous animals will not allow the newly grown trees to grow, which will put a question mark on the existence of that forest over time.
The area of a tiger is about 10,000 hectares. A healthy forest provides humans pure air, pure water, food and medicine and herbs. Therefore, controlling the number of tigers in forests is very important for forests, wildlife and humans as well.
Tiger Project
Project Tiger was started in November 1973 by the Government of India under the leadership of Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi. The main objective of Project Tiger was to maintain a healthy numbers of tigers in their natural environment.
Objectives of Project Tiger
- To reduce and eliminate such factors in the future due to which the natural environment of tigers decreases.
- To strengthen the ecosystem in areas where tigers are found and where there has been any damage to the habitat of tigers.
Project Tiger comes under the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). In the year 1973, the number of tiger reserves was 9, which increased to 54 in the year 2022.
- According to the Tiger Census of the year 2006, the number of tigers in India was 1411.
- The result of the Tiger Project was that in the year 2018, the number of tigers in the country increased to about 2603 - 3346.
- In the Tiger Census published on 9 April 2023, the number of tigers across the country was reported as 3167.
- In the last 20 years, the number of tigers has increased almost two times.
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