SURFACE OF CHINA

                                        SURFACE OF CHINA                               

                                                                                                      By: Sabir Chdhry

China is a mountainous and plateau region. Mountains cover 43% of China's land, plateaus cover 26%, and plains, basins and deserts cover the remaining land. Thus 70% of China is covered by mountains and plateaus.

 Mountain Ranges of China - The series of mountain ranges in China is found from west to east and north-east direction. Seven of the world's 12 mountain peaks higher than 8,000 meters above sea level are located in China. The famous mountain ranges in China are the Himalayas, the Kunlun Mountains, the Tianshan Mountains, the Qinling Mountains, the Greater Hinggan Mountains, the Taihang Mountains, the Qilian Mountains, and the Hengduan Mountains. There are three main mountain ranges found in this country:

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(1) Mountains of North China- In the northern part of China, ranges of mountain start from Central Asia are found in the form of Tianshan (means mountain of heaven), Great Khingan and Small Khingan. The mountain ranges in northern China are the extension of the Nanshan and Singlin Mountains. The Hwang Ho River flows through these ranges. In the middle of these ranges lies a plateau made of loess soil, which is collected by the wind. Their height is between 600 to 1690 meters.

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(2) Mountain ranges of Central China—This mountain range extends from the Pamir to the east in the form of the Kunlun Shan, Altaitag, Nanshan and Singlin mountain ranges from west to east. This mountain range is spread in the central part of China. Singlin Mountain is located in the middle. Among these, Kunlun on the southern border is 4,000 to 6,000 meters high. The highest peak here is Ulugh Mustagh 7,724 meters high. Shan and Altaitag are border states.

                                            चीन की सेटेलाईट इमेज 

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(3) Southern mountain range - extends from the Pamir to the east from the Karakoram and Himalayan mountain ranges to Naglingshan in the southern part of China. In this part, the world's highest peak Mount Everest is 8,848 meters high, which is located on the border of China and Nepal.

Plateau – The expansion of plateaus is found on about 26% of China. Some of these plateaus have originated due to geological movements, while some are made of material brought by the wind. The major plateaus of China are

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(i) Plateau of Loess, (ii) Plateau of Inner Mongolia, (iii) Plateau of Yunnan Guichau, (iv) Plateau of Tibet. The Loess Plateau is widespread in northern China. To the north of the Great Wall of China is the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia. To the north of Myanmar and Vietnam is the Yunnan Plateau, to the west of Tibet which is the highest in the world.

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(iii) Plains – The area of ​​plains in China is more than 12 lakh square kilometers. This plain is mostly formed by rivers. In these plains, North China Plain (Huanghao River Valley), Yangtsiqiang Plain and Siqiang (Jiang) River Plain are the main ones. The Loess Plain of northern China is the largest plain of the country. It is a flat plain spread over about 3 lakh 25 thousand square kilometers of land, which is about 30 to 65 meters high above sea level.

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Interior basins — Inland basins are found in 20 percent of the total surface area of ​​China. The basin is located in the border of China :

(i) Saidam basin is situated between Nanshan mountain and Karashan.

(ii) Between Kunlun and Thienshan lies the basin of Tarim.

(iii) In the western part of the country, near the border of Mongolia and Russia and to the north of Thienshan, the basin of Jungaria is situated.

 Author: Sabir Chdhry 

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