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River Basin or Drainage Basin CP
Each stream or river has its own drainage basin; a larger river system is made up of all of the smaller streams and their respective drainage basins. Small streams flow into larger streams, then rivers and finally, into the open bodies of water such as the oceans, bays or seas.
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It is widely accepted as the natural unit of water management worldwide and it is the epicenter for the scientific study of hydrological processes. The demarcation of these river basins is also a very crucial yet important task taken up by the hydrologists.
The ten largest river basins in India are:
The Ganga Basin- the length of the Ganga Basin is 861452 sq. km making it the
longest basin in India. The river originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the
Himalayas and traverses about 2,525 kilometers across the North Indian states of
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttrakhand, Jharkhand and West- Bengal. All these states
have a large population and the River Ganga caters to the water needs of the large
population. The most important tributaries of the river are Yamuna, Chambal,
Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sindh, Betwa, Dhasan, Kheri, Gomti, Sarda, Ghagra,
Gandhak, Son, Damodar, Ramganga, Mahananda and Hoogly.
West flowing rivers of the Saurashtra and Kutch and Luni-
Each stream or river has its own drainage basin; a larger river system is made up of all of the smaller streams and their respective drainage basins. Small streams flow into larger streams, then rivers and finally, into the open bodies of water such as the oceans, bays or seas.
The drainage basin of a larger river system is made up of many branch like networks which strikingly resemble like the branches of a tree. It starts at high elevation with first-order streams, which are small streams that originate from springs.
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First-order streams are where the system begins, and they do not have any other streams flowing into them. Next, there are second-order streams, which are streams that are created when two first-order streams meet. These streams are slightly larger and more downhill from first-order streams. When two second-order streams meet, they create a third-order stream.
This process can continue until a large network of waterways is created. All of the branches of the system will eventually come together and lead to the final large waterway that will empty into the open body of water. The drainage basin for this entire river system would be very large and incorporate
each drainage basin from individual waterways.
each drainage basin from individual waterways.
These systems can be very complex. We can think of it as a tree with many branches. The smaller, twig-like branches lead to larger branches, and finally they all meet at the trunk of the tree.
Definition of a drainage basin (also often known as: a watershed, river basin, or catchment area):
A river basin or a drainage basin is an area of land drained by a river system, including its tributaries and distributaries as a complete network. The edge of the drainage basin is known as the watershed. This can be compared to a sink or basin, which holds the water falling into it.
The demarcation is mainly for the planning and the development of the water existing resources and also for the ones which can be tapped for the near future. According to a report by the Central Water Commission, there are twenty two huge river basins in India.
These river basins have been classified by the various organizations such as India WRIS (Water Resource Information System) basin, NCIWRDP (National Commission for Integrated Water Resource
Development Plan) basin, AISLUS (All India Soil and Land use Survey) basin, CGWB (Central Groundwater Board) basin. The map given below shows the twenty two river basins of India classified by the CWC.
Development Plan) basin, AISLUS (All India Soil and Land use Survey) basin, CGWB (Central Groundwater Board) basin. The map given below shows the twenty two river basins of India classified by the CWC.
The ten largest river basins in India are:
The Ganga Basin- the length of the Ganga Basin is 861452 sq. km making it the
longest basin in India. The river originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the
Himalayas and traverses about 2,525 kilometers across the North Indian states of
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttrakhand, Jharkhand and West- Bengal. All these states
have a large population and the River Ganga caters to the water needs of the large
population. The most important tributaries of the river are Yamuna, Chambal,
Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sindh, Betwa, Dhasan, Kheri, Gomti, Sarda, Ghagra,
Gandhak, Son, Damodar, Ramganga, Mahananda and Hoogly.
West flowing rivers of the Saurashtra and Kutch and Luni-
the length of this river basin is 321851 sq km. This basin has many independent rivers such as the
Luni, Shetrunji, Bhadar, Machhu, Rupen, Saraswati and Banas. Luni is the major river system of this particular basin. The Western Slopes of the Aravallis is the origin of Luni which falls under the Ajmer district of Rajasthan. The river traverses a distance of 511 kilometers before it enters into the Arabian Sea. The main tributaries of Luni are Lirli, Guhiya, Bandi, Sukri, Jawai, Khari Bandi, Sukri
Bandi, Sagi and Jojri.
The Indus Basin- the basin covers an area of 321289 sq km. The origin of the river is around the Mansarovar Lake in the upper Himalayan mountain region. It drains a total area of 2880 kilometers (Including India and Pakistan) before it enters into the Arabian Sea. The Indian part of the river flows through the state of Jammu and Kashmir and it flows through a total length of 1114 kilometers. The
main tributaries of Indus are Shyok, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Satluj and Ghaggar.
The Godavari Basin- the river Godavari originates from Thrimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of the state of Maharashtra. The length of the river is 1465 km. the river flows through and drains the states of Maharashtra, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The water it receives is through a basin which covers an area of 312812 sq km. It commences its journey into the Bay of Bengal. The main tributaries of
Godavari are Pravara, Manjra, Purna, Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga, Indravati and Kolab.
The Krishna River Basin- it covers an area of 258948 sq km. the main river is the Krishna River which originates from the Jor Village in the Satara district of the state of Maharashtra. The total length of the river is 1400 km long and it flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. This river also finally enters into the Bay of Bengal. The most important tributaries of
Krishna are, Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Tungbhadra, Musi, Bhima and Munneru.
The Brahmaputra River Basin- 194413 sq km is the total area covered by this basin. The total length of the Brahmaputra is 2900 kilometers. The area that theriver covers in India is only 916 kilometers. The states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are fed by this river. The river originates from the Kailash ranges south of the lake Konggyu Tsho. The principal tributaries of the Brahmaputra include Lohit,
Dibang, Subansiri, Jiabharali, Dhansiri, Manas, Torsa, Sankosh, Teesta, Burhidihing, Disang, Dikhow and Kopili.
The Mahandi River Basin- this river basin spreads over five highly populated states of the country. The total area covered by this basin is 141589 sq km. the five states that this basin covers are Chattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. Most of the areas covered by this basin lie in Chattisgarh andOdisha. This river originates in the Farsiya village of the district Dhamtari of the state of Chattisgarh. It traverses 851 km in the states of Chattisgarh and Odisha and
finally falls into the Bay of Bengal. The main tributaries are Sheonath, Hasdeo,
Mand, Ib, Ong, Tel and Jonk.
Basin of the East Flowing Rivers- this river basin has two river systems. The river system between the rivers Pennar and Cauvery and also between the rivers Cauvery and Kannyakumari. The total area being covered by this drainage system is 100139 sq km and it also includes many independent rivers such as Kandleru, Swaranmukhi, Arani, Kortalaiyar, Coom, Adyar, Palar, Gingee, Ponnalyar, VellarVarshalei, Valgai, Gundar, Vaippar and Tambraparni rivers. All these rivers end their journey into the Bay of Bengal.
Luni, Shetrunji, Bhadar, Machhu, Rupen, Saraswati and Banas. Luni is the major river system of this particular basin. The Western Slopes of the Aravallis is the origin of Luni which falls under the Ajmer district of Rajasthan. The river traverses a distance of 511 kilometers before it enters into the Arabian Sea. The main tributaries of Luni are Lirli, Guhiya, Bandi, Sukri, Jawai, Khari Bandi, Sukri
Bandi, Sagi and Jojri.
The Indus Basin- the basin covers an area of 321289 sq km. The origin of the river is around the Mansarovar Lake in the upper Himalayan mountain region. It drains a total area of 2880 kilometers (Including India and Pakistan) before it enters into the Arabian Sea. The Indian part of the river flows through the state of Jammu and Kashmir and it flows through a total length of 1114 kilometers. The
main tributaries of Indus are Shyok, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Satluj and Ghaggar.
The Godavari Basin- the river Godavari originates from Thrimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of the state of Maharashtra. The length of the river is 1465 km. the river flows through and drains the states of Maharashtra, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The water it receives is through a basin which covers an area of 312812 sq km. It commences its journey into the Bay of Bengal. The main tributaries of
Godavari are Pravara, Manjra, Purna, Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga, Indravati and Kolab.
The Krishna River Basin- it covers an area of 258948 sq km. the main river is the Krishna River which originates from the Jor Village in the Satara district of the state of Maharashtra. The total length of the river is 1400 km long and it flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. This river also finally enters into the Bay of Bengal. The most important tributaries of
Krishna are, Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Tungbhadra, Musi, Bhima and Munneru.
The Brahmaputra River Basin- 194413 sq km is the total area covered by this basin. The total length of the Brahmaputra is 2900 kilometers. The area that theriver covers in India is only 916 kilometers. The states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are fed by this river. The river originates from the Kailash ranges south of the lake Konggyu Tsho. The principal tributaries of the Brahmaputra include Lohit,
Dibang, Subansiri, Jiabharali, Dhansiri, Manas, Torsa, Sankosh, Teesta, Burhidihing, Disang, Dikhow and Kopili.
The Mahandi River Basin- this river basin spreads over five highly populated states of the country. The total area covered by this basin is 141589 sq km. the five states that this basin covers are Chattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. Most of the areas covered by this basin lie in Chattisgarh andOdisha. This river originates in the Farsiya village of the district Dhamtari of the state of Chattisgarh. It traverses 851 km in the states of Chattisgarh and Odisha and
finally falls into the Bay of Bengal. The main tributaries are Sheonath, Hasdeo,
Mand, Ib, Ong, Tel and Jonk.
Basin of the East Flowing Rivers- this river basin has two river systems. The river system between the rivers Pennar and Cauvery and also between the rivers Cauvery and Kannyakumari. The total area being covered by this drainage system is 100139 sq km and it also includes many independent rivers such as Kandleru, Swaranmukhi, Arani, Kortalaiyar, Coom, Adyar, Palar, Gingee, Ponnalyar, VellarVarshalei, Valgai, Gundar, Vaippar and Tambraparni rivers. All these rivers end their journey into the Bay of Bengal.
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